Fit Dna Lab - 721 Words

The FIT-DNA (cologuard) is the last stool test that is available for colorectal testing. The FIT DNA test combines the FIT with a test that detects altered DNA in the stool (CDC, 2017). The FIT test requires the entire stool sample to be sent to the lab for testing. No cards or poking the stool are required, only the stool sample itself. The cologuard test can be done in the privacy of your home and does not require a bowel prep, diet changes or time off from work (Exact Sciences, 2017) The FIT-DNA test is recommended to be completed every three years. Positive results are recommended to be followed up with a colonoscopy. Medicare covers this test at no cost beginning at age 50 to 85 years of age with a low risk and no symptoms of†¦show more content†¦Medicare covers this test beginning at age 50 or older (no co-insurance, co-pay or Part B deductible) when it is done for screening only. In some cases this screening method begins as a screening tool and turns into a diagnost ic measure. If the health care provider performing the test identifies any polyps or cancerous lesions that require removal and biopsy, the individual will be charged co-insurance or co-pay for the diagnostic testing (ACS, 2017 ). If a precancerous polyp or colorectal cancer is found, a colonoscopy would be required to visualize the entire colon to detect other polyps or cancer (ACS, 2017). The USPSTF (2016) found the benefit of this testing is less beneficial when it is done alone compared to when it is combined with an annual FIT. The availability of flexible sigmoidoscopies has declined in the United States (USPSTF, 2016). Colonoscopy The colonoscopy is similar to the flexible sigmoidoscopy, however, this scope is inserted into the anus and through the entire colon. It is recommended to get a colonoscopy every 10 years who are at average risk and every two years for those at high, such as individuals with IBD or HNPCC (ACS, 2017). Before the test occurs a bowel prep at home is done in order visualize the lining of the colon during the test (ACS, 2017). Specific instructions regarding medications, bowel prep and eating before the night before the test will be determined by the health care providerShow MoreRelatedAnimal and Plants Cell Structures700 Words   |  3 PagesStudent Sheet Name: Date: June 18, 2015 Instructor’s Name: Assignment: SCIE207 Phase 2 Lab Report Title: Animal and Plant Cell Structures Instructions: Your lab report will consist of the completed tables. Label each structure of the plant and animal cell with its description and function in the provided tables. When your lab report is complete, submit this document to your instructor in your assignment box. 1. Animal cell: Observe the diagram that shows the components ofRead MoreA Pre Observation Conference With Nikki Walker Essay734 Words   |  3 Pagesreplication process easier to understand by starting at the smaller part of the human, the cell. Additionally, the concept that DNA replicates into identical copies of itself is made simpler by first looking at plants and then later to animals.† 2. How does this learning â€Å"fit† in the sequence of learning for this class? â€Å"This fits into the sequence because we go from DNA to cell to tissues then organs then the organ systems.† 3. Briefly describe the students in this class, including those withRead MoreEssay On Mutation1657 Words   |  7 Pagesframeshift mutations. How are these mutations the same and how are they different? Silent, missense, and nonsense mutations all occur when base substitutions happen (text p.206). A base substitution is when the wrong nucleotide is incorporated during DNA synthesis, this is the most common mutation (lecture). In a silent mutation a base substitution occurs, incorporating an incorrect nucleotide, the result is a codon that codes for an amino acid that is the same as the wild type (text p. 206). In a missenseRead MoreEthical And Social Problems Of Genetic Engineering1478 Words   |  6 Pagesdeveloped to make cell growth faster, increase production, and protect against diseases. An organism that is produced through Genetic Engineering is called Genetically Modified Organism or GMO. The first GMO was a bacterium produced in 1973 in a lab and in 1982 Insulin became the first GMO commercialized product available to the public. In the 21st century, Genetic Engineering is affecting people across the world since most products such as corn, rice, insulin, and animal are genetically modifiedRead MoreUsage Of Restriction Enzymes Of Dna Fingerprinting1237 Words   |  5 Pages Usage of Restriction Enzymes in DNA Fingerprinting Analysis Jaclyn Napoli October 30, 2014 Cellular Processes Lab BSC 2010L.905 Lab Partner: Jessi Grillo Material and Methods To start off the experiment, 4 microtest tubes were labeled reaction tube 1 through 4. Using a micropipette, 10 microliters, ul, of Enzyme Reaction Buffer was dispensed into each of the 4 labeled reaction tubes. In reaction tubes 1 and 2, 15 ul of suspect 1’s DNA was added. Reaction tube 1 had 15 ul of EnzymeRead MoreEssay about Radio Lab: Inheritance840 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Radio Lab: Inheritance Go here: http://www.radiolab.org/story/251876-inheritance/ Listen to the free podcast and complete worksheet. You only need to listen to the first 3 stories. Though, the 4th is VERY interesting. 1. What was Lamarck’s big idea? What a person does in their lifetime could be directly passed to their kids. 2. What human example did Lamarck use? A blacksmith, because they swing hammers all day they get muscles and those muscles pass down to their kids. 3Read MoreWatson And Crick: Structure Of The Dna Molecule. Dna Was952 Words   |  4 PagesCrick: Structure of the DNA molecule DNA was first discovered by Friedrich Miescher in 1869. He found material in the nuclei of cells in discarded surgical bandages. Since this material was as yet unknown and came from the nucleus of cells he named it nuclein. As more became known about the material, it was later renamed nucleic acid and then deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA. As DNA was further studied the components of the structure were isolated. Albrecht Kossel discovered that DNA had five primary nucleobasesRead Moresgsdfg Essay2403 Words   |  10 Pageschemicals we encounter everyday are molecular in structure. Molecules are specific combinations of atoms. The oxygen we breathe in and the carbon dioxide we breathe out are both molecular in their structure. The DNA and proteins that combine to make us are molecular compounds. The wood in the lab bench is mostly cellulose, a large organic molecule. When choosing what unit to employ in a scientific measurement, it is important to consider both the size and type of measurement being made. For exampleRead MoreHuman Body Systems Career Journal974 Words   |  4 Pagesthat area. They primarily work in universities or at forensic labs. They would help in the categorization of deceased bodies and determining who the body or skeletal system belongs to. They assist in cases where you need to find out who someone is for detective cases. Entry #2 Activity: 1.3.2 Careers in Identify Definition DNA Analyst DNA Analyst Interview Q1. What college education do you need to meet the requirements to become a DNA analyst? A1. I needed a bachelor’s degree in molecular biologyRead MoreExamination Of A Crime Scene1640 Words   |  7 PagesSuccessful submission of collection log EXHIBIT No DESCRIPTION WHERE FOUND BY DATE AND TIME FK/1 Fingerprint Lifted from the doorframe, door handles, Baseball stick FK 17/11/15, 17:10PM FK/2 Pair of shoes On floor FK 17/11/15, 17:10PM FK/3 Blood (DNA SWAP) Blood found all over kitchen and have been swapped from kitchen floor FK 17/11/15, 17:10PM FK/4 4 pieces of Broken glass Near the left side of the victim body on kitchen floor FK 17/11/15, 17:10PM FK/5 Footwear lifted on magazine On the corner

Anti Violence Essay Free Essays

Anti violence essay Seven years ago I did not think violence existed in America. The most violent act ever committed was the tragedy of the World Trade Center in 9/11/01. The Trade Centers had been the target for something so horrible, and I thought at the time, ‘This will change the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Anti Violence Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now † I was right about that fact: our airports are more secure, we have to have pass-ports anywhere you go now, you have more thorough bagage checks, and they’re more selective as to what’s in your purse before boarding a plane. I think the most secure place in America right now is our power plants. They have increased security at all our power plants, including the nuclear plants, and also there is air space around each plant so planes have to keep their distance from them. Homeland Security is a common word in our homes today because of 9/11. I wanted to know how. Wanted to know why. Wanted to know what our leaders reactions would be. The world trade center killed many people that my friends knew and loved; that can never be replaced. This act changed the way my friends lived, loved, and acted in school. This spine-chilling nightmare was committed because terrorists took over three planes that flew into the giant buildings. The causes of this violence is the hatred between countries, states, or nations. The hatred is then passed down to the youth generation, because we hear, and see the dislike between the grown-ups. Children learn from the wisdom and actions of what the elders do. Shooting, stabbing, verbal abuse, physical abuse, and gang fights are a few examples of youth violence. All of these exist in schools, neighborhoods, malls, the movies and even in your own home on the internet. Schools have tried to stop it but there is still a lot of verbal abuse anywhere in the school system you go. Youth violence can be stopped by reporting abuse, shooting, stabbings, and anything to do with gangs. It can also be solved by not being the one that does bulling or any of the things listed above. I think it is funny how teachers wonder about why no one reports violence in America. My say on the matter is the kids are scared it will only get worse if we tell a teacher or principal or any adult because they use our name and our grade to the bully or person that Bothers you. How to cite Anti Violence Essay, Essay examples

Family free essay sample

When asked what I am most proud of, I automatically think of my family. I have been raised to believe that family is the most important thing in life, and I completely agree that they are. I wear my last name with pride, engraved in the very being I am. I know for a fact, that because I am a Brentano, I am who I am. My family has instilled love, faith, and strength into my character. Together, my family has celebrated triumphs and grieved over tragedies. Seven years ago, my grandfather was diagnosed with a brain tumor. The man we knew walked into the hospital, and was wheeled out a changed man. Some people would think this would separate a family, but it only brought my family closer. I witnessed my grandmother display her strength by staying strong, her love by never leaving his side, and her patience by never doubting God. We will write a custom essay sample on Family or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I can only aspire to become the woman that my grandmother is. I am not only proud of my grandmother during this time, but every member of my family. Each member contributed their own strengths to help us make it through this trial. While we unveiled many strengths, we also opened up about our fears. Our grandfather getting sick was both a tragedy and an eye opener. It helped us realize that the most important people in our lives, were standing beside us the whole time. I suffer from Depression and Anxiety. I have opted to not take medication, to use other coping tools, like therapy, faith and writing to keep me strong. My family is at the core of those tools, they are the rock in my personal storm. I won’t say that every day is easy; everyday is difficult. It takes love and patience from my parents and sisters to get through every day, but it also taught me to be patient with myself, to love myself. As alone as the depression and the anxiety makes me feel, I know that I will never be alone. My family is always there, holding my hand, or pushing me to fight my storm. I know that I can walk through the hallways, and my sister or my cousin will pull me into their arms and lend me their smile. I can drive to my grandparent’s house and come away with a new found sense of pride in the family we are. Like every family, we have had our achievements and our struggles, our good days and our bad days, our little arguments and our moments of laughter. Yet when you ask me what I am most proud of, no matter what we go through or what happens, I know in my heart that my greatest pride in life is my family. And it always will be. Family reminds you that you are not alone, that you are strong, and important. My family has prepared me for the future, and I am very thankful for every thing they are. Family free essay sample The values of family members have direct effect on people’s behaviour and thingking. That is to say, the values of the society rely on people’s family values in a large degree. However, due to the difference of geographical and historical background, religion and belief, different nations have their own family values. A clear and direct contrast between Chinese and American family values can bridge over their communication gap. As a result, people start to acknowledge the existence of the two different family values, gradually get familiar with them, admit them and then finally melt. The paper analyzes family values from the following aspects including filial piety, marriage and family education. Chapter one is the introduction which studies the background of the research on family values including present studies at home and abroad, main contents and objectives of this paper. Chapter two manifests the definitions of family, values, and Chinese and American family values. We will write a custom essay sample on Family or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The paper elaborates different attitudes towards filial piety, marriage and family education in Chapter three.

Entrepreneurship & Family Business Innovation in the UAE

Question: Discuss about theEntrepreneurship Family Business Innovation in the UAE. Answer: Introduction The major driver of any economy is the entrepreneurship, as it not only creates the job opportunities for others, but also contributes to the wealth of the economy. The fact that family business helps in ensuring that the entrepreneurial activities flourish for the coming generations, is not well known (Zgheib, 2017). In the following parts, a discussion has been carried on between how these two overlap each other. A specific emphasis has been given on the challenges and opportunities which are faced in UAE by the family business entrepreneurship. This has been done to establish that the family businesses innovations drive the economy of UAE. Discussion The definition of family business is very contextual, though, it can be said that a family business is one in which the majority voting remains in the hands of the family controlling the business, which is comprised of the founding fathers of the business and their heirs (May, 2015). The literature on family business covers the various issues regarding the transmission and succession of the business, where the focus has been over the issues like wealth management and governance for sustainability (Ezziane, Mazzawi Leleux, 2013). Over 80% of business in the Middle East is owned or controlled by such families who started as entrepreneurs, and later on diversified the interests of their business (Thomas, 2016). The majority of such businesses were incepted in the beginning of 1960s. However, their continuity is a matter of concern due to the generational changes that they have to face on rotational basis, and this is set to come as a problem in the next 5 to 10 years. The family businesses are not only strong but also unique in nature; moreover, they are crippled with the complexities. In addition to this, the same challenges are faced by such business, which a normal business faces. Furthermore, with the growth and expansion of business, as well as, the family, a range of specific problems are to be dealt with. The challenges of operating in intricate global economic environment are to be managed, which are coupled with the foreseeable changes in the generation (PwC, 2017). The conflict between the families al so poses a challenge for such businesses (PwC, 2016). As per the reports by Kets de Vries, 33% of the family businesses are able to carry on beyond the 1st generation, and a mere 10% survive past 3rd generation. In a similar manner, Astrachan and Shanker had showcased that 33% of the founders of the family business are able to make it to the 2nd generation, and this percentage drops to 12% for 3rd generation and by the 4th generation, this percentage shrinks further and comes up to a bleak 3%. In a family business, longevity fascinates the researchers. The intention to continue with the vision of forefathers and the intent to pass it on to the coming generations works in the favor of family businesses. So, even though the founders may not continue beyond 3-4 generations, but their vision is continued by the following generations. In other words, the long-lived family businesses continue to maintain their entrepreneurial orientations (Ezziane, Mazzawi Leleux, 2013). The key challenges faced by the family businesses come from within such businesses. And so, in order to grow, the internal challenges have to be dealt with, to ensure expansion and growth of the business. To do so, the family businesses have to make certain that they have fresh strategic insights; are able to attract, as well as, retain the key non-family managers; create and conserve their capital; create an organization which is both flexible and innovative; exploit the strategic advantages which are unique to their family ownership; and lastly, prepare a suitable successor for leadership (Khansaheb, 2008). There are various successful examples to show that the family businesses innovations are one of the key drivers of the UAEs economy. Most of the big companies in the Middle East are controlled by families. Moreover, some of the largest Western brands are managed by the local family businesses as franchise operations. But, the Seddiqi family has built on its own brand and legacy and has been immensely successful. Ahmed Seddiqi Sons represents over 60 luxury timepiece brands across 65 locations in UAE and is a trusted destination for jewellery and luxury watches in not only UAE, but also in the entire Middle East (PwC, 2016). The company, which was formulated in 1940s later half, continues to be owned and run by family (Bayt, 2017). Even after four generations, the company continues new ventures in real estate, education and healthcare services, through its holding company. Tapping on treating the customers as a long term friend, the company has maintained its significance since 1950s. Moreover, the family oriented working environment has further contributed in the companys success. Osama Ibrahim Seddiqi sits on Seddiqi Holdings Executive Committee and Board of Directors. And even though it is a family run business, they have recognized the value of bringing in skilled professionals from outside, which has helped them in overcoming the challenges faced by the traditionally run family businesses (PwC, 2016). The example of the family businesses innovations by the Seddiqi family has contributed widely to the economy of UAE. It has not only created more job opportunities in UAE, by expanding their business in different field, but through entrepreneurial ventures also, they have contributed in the economic growth of the nation. The example of Seddiqi family and their comparison with the traditionally run family businesses, depict how they have continued their business successfully and the manner in which they have dealt with the key challenges being faced by such businesses. Examples like these are the reason why the UAE is amongst the top economies of the world, at present. Conclusion In the preceding parts, the various opportunities and challenges which are faced by the family business entrepreneurships, with a specific emphasis on UAE had been highlighted. Through this discussion, it can be summarized that even though such businesses have a number of challenges, but by adopting the suggestions covered earlier, they have been able to successes. Moreover, the Seddiqi family presents as a successful example of the immense contribution of family businesses innovations towards the UAEs economy. This helped in establishing that the family businesses innovations drive the economy of UAE. References Bayt. (2017). Ahmed Seddiqi and Sons. Retrieved from: https://www.bayt.com/en/company/ahmed-seddiqi-and-sons-1470867/ Ezziane, Z., Mazzawi, E., Leleux, B. (2013). Entrepreneurship in Family Business: Emerging Storyline 2. International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance, 4(3), 164. Khansaheb, A. (2008). Internationalization of Family Businesses in U.A.E. Retrieved from: https://bspace.buid.ac.ae/bitstream/1234/302/1/20050020.pdf May, P. (2015). Governance Code for Family Businesses. Retrieved from: https://www.kodex-fuer-familienunternehmen.de/images/Downloads/Kodex_englisch_2015.pdf PwC. (2016). Keeping it in the family: Family firms in the Middle East. Retrieved from: https://www.pwc.com/m1/en/publications/family-business-survey/middle-east-family-business-survey-2016.pdf PwC. (2017). Family Business. Retrieved from: https://www.pwc.com/m1/en/services/family-business.html Thomas, A.S. (2016). Mahmood Shaikhani, Managing Director, Shaikhani Group On Running (And Growing) The Family Business. Retrieved from: https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/286822 Zgheib, P.W. (2017). Entrepreneurship and Business Innovation in the Middle East. Pennsylvania: IGI Global.

Sample Masters Entrance Essay - Get Started Writing

Sample Masters Entrance Essay - Get Started WritingThe Sample Masters entrance essay is probably the easiest essay for the incoming freshman to write. The difficulty level of the student is definitely lower than that of any other essay required by the Graduate Record Exam (GRE). It is a test that will not seem to be too difficult at first but when you get to write your essay the difficulty level is going to rise.Let us first talk about what an essay is and how it is different from a writing sample. A writing sample can include anything from a magazine article to a newspaper article. It is also different from an essay in that it does not have to be about a specific topic or idea. It is a good idea to start off with a writing sample so that you can get the ideas for your essay and can make sure you do not get it mixed up or confused.It is often difficult for the graduate student to come up with a good topic for their test, particularly an entry exam. After much soul searching they may decide that they want to study something that they are already interested in. The Sample Masters entrance essay requires that the student has some insight into the field that he is trying to enter and this helps them to come up with a topic for their essay.Taking the time to write a sample and thinking about what is in it a great idea. One of the most important things that the student will need to keep in mind is the scope of the exam. If you have an opportunity to meet with the director of the Graduate School and discuss this matter, it is a good idea to discuss this with him.The best advice is to keep a notebook on you at all times so that you can write down what your own thoughts are. It is very important to be honest and do not lie. People can take your words as a fact.One of the worst mistakes that a student can make when writing the Sample Masters entrance essay is to put too much thought into their own feelings. Most students make the mistake of basing their writing off of th eir own emotional feelings rather than their facts. This could put their writing in a poor light and be interpreted negatively.When writing the Sample Masters entrance essay it is important to remember that it is one of the hardest tests in the admissions process. Be sure to get all of your facts straight and create your own essay to not only impress the Director of your Graduate School but also the other potential employers that you are sending the essay to.

The Bottom Billion

Table of Contents Introduction Elements Solutions Elements That Do Not Match With Liberalism Realism Constructivism Works Cited Introduction The Bottom Billion was authored by Paul Collier and was published in two 2007. In his book, Collier explores the reasons behind persistent poverty in developing countries. The citizens of these countries continue to live in abject poverty in spite of the international aid. He points out that, in more than fifty-eight countries, there are an approximated one billion people who seem to be irredeemably stuck in poverty. Some of this people have never felt the impact of foreign aid.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Bottom Billion specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to him, these people are trapped in poverty. Their living standards are plundering when the living standards of other people in other nations are improving. Life expectancy has sharply dropped to forty y ears as compared to sixty-seven years in the stable nations. Child mortality has grown up. The percentage of children who do not live to see their first birthday now stands at fourteen percent in comparison with a four percent in developed countries. Collier explains how the western governments give misplaced assistance to the poor nations. He argues that they have to do much more than giving them money. These developed nations and the aid agencies must shift from the traditional approaches of poverty alleviation. The methods have seemingly failed to work. The poverty syndrome has defeated them and, therefore, a new prescription has to be found. He puts forward solutions both to the developing countries and the western powers over what he feels should be done to pull these people out of poverty. Elements Paul Collier believes that these people are trapped. In his examination of the causes of poverty level among the bottom billion, he says that these people are concentrated in Africa and central Asia. He outlines the following as his reasons for stagnancy. The Conflict trap There are persistent civil wars and repeated military coups in these nations. These wars eat too much into funds that would have been directed to other sectors of the economy for development. The wars are extremely costly and incur large economic costs to these nations. Similarly, years after the war or coups are extremely delicate and fragile. These countries easily and painfully slip back due to the wars. This causes a recurrent situation with wars or coups succeeding other coups. During wars, a clique of people from poor countries and foreign countries strike out a beneficial deal, whereby they benefit from the war. They supply either arms or ammunitions to the fighting groups. In return, they are allowed to extract the natural resources that they export hence enrich themselves. These actions aggravate the situation, which ensures that conflicts are sustained. In most cases, the corrupt keep winning, making it extremely impractical for these nations to develop.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Natural Resources Trap The bottom billion nations have peculiar characteristics. Some of these are extremely ironical. The abundance of natural resources has become a curse. Nations endowed with resources have the worst instability as compared to those that have few resources. Collier attributes this to various reasons. The availability of the resources creates room for conflict. There are competing interests over the same resources, which is a cause of conflict. The second point he puts forward is that the presence of resources is a source of income to governments. The government, therefore, does not tax its citizens. This makes the population lack the necessity to hold their government accountable as far as financial spending is concerned. This is an open window for go vernment officials who would be handed a blank check when it comes to expenditure. Most of these officials misuse the opportunity to satisfy their selfish interests. The presence of valuable natural resources that are exploited impacts negatively on other competitive sectors of the economy. Generation of income from this exploitation leads to currency valuation and other industries are affected. In Collier’s opinion, globalization has made matters worse. The resources that are extracted in these nations end up in stable countries. This contributes to the persistence of problems. Landlocked countries Some countries that fall in the bottom billion category are landlocked. This comes in two perspectives. The naturally landlocked nations do not have a coastline. This restricts their accessibility to the world through the seas. This means that they only access the world via their neighbors. Poor infrastructure network makes their link with neighbors inaccessible. This hinders su ch countries from fully exploiting their economic potential. The other problem comes when the nation is landlocked, and furthermore its neighbors have serious instabilities. This bit cuts off the developing nation from the rest of world. These challenges pose a serious threat and make it extremely impractical for these nations to tap from the world economic growth. Bad governance Paul Collier argues that poor governance critically affects small countries. This is caused by regular military coups that overthrow legitimate government. Another effect is that corruption tilts the electorate to lean towards poor leaders. It is also said that some stable nations literally interfere with these nations by funding politicians who cannot run an economy. He explains that unstructured governments with incapable leaders destroy economies of the countries at an alarming speed. Developing nations have a low cost of living. This should be an exceptionally good ground for investors with a labor-in tensive work. However, investors are scared due to the unpredictability of the security condition.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Bottom Billion specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These nations are also unknown. Investors, therefore, opt to invest in more development countries such as China. Investment that would have served to improve these nations is channeled elsewhere (Collier 26). Solutions Paul Collier clearly explains that the development and political stability of these nations are essential to the stability of the world at large. Therefore, the West has a moral responsibility to put to an end the problems and sufferings that people of these nations face. Collier, in his book, proposes measures that are pragmatic financially, but quite challenging to governmental institutions. He believes that in order for these nations to succeed the following measures should be considered. The aid agencies should ta ke risks. He elaborates that the agencies have to concentrate on extremely risky and difficult environments. For instance, the population may not be knowledgeable enough to question the accountability of their governments. This may require among other things educating the citizenry on accountability. The governments of the poor nations would fight these steps hard. They may respond by deporting foreign staff. However, if there is unity of purpose among these agencies, they will succeed. The second measure that he outlines is appropriate military intervention. He avers that, during these persistent civil strives, the western powers should launch a carefully calibrated assault on the warring factions. He gives the example of the British intervention in Sierra Leone. This will guarantee democratic governments success over the militia groups that are corrupt and only seek to mismanage the economy through misappropriation of funds for personal gain. The newly instituted governments ought to bring in new laws, which should be against corruption. The third approach proposed by Collier addresses the international organizations. He urges the organizations to ratify charters with the ethics of protocol. The charters are to be drafted and enforced to encourage good governance. He finally urges the western powers to adopt free trade policies with the bottom billion getting preferences for their export products. The external market will be opened to these nations, and in the process, they will learn a lot.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Elements That Do Not Match With Liberalism Paul Collier may have discussed exceeding many factors that favor liberalism. However, some of his arguments do not categorically match with liberalism. Taking a position to explain that the availability of resources reduces the citizens’ capacity to hold the government accountable is vague. The resource availability, however, much they generate an income, can never influence the government to a level that it can stop taxing the population. The government has to tax its citizenry in order to get adequate finances. His explanation of this point leaves us with a notion that nations in the bottom billion are ruled through laissez-faire. This form of leadership no longer exist Some of his proposed solutions will not work towards liberalization, particularly military intervention in the civil war times. The aim of his proposals is to save the citizenry from the cruelty of these countries. Regular military action, however, well choreograph ed, will attract resistance from the population. When the troops are in war, citizens will feel the heat. This will be referred to as collateral damage. Examples can be drawn from Iraq, Afghanistan, and Somalia. The US intervened, but it faced roadblocks from the population. War will also destroy the infrastructure, which he points out as a necessity. NATO attacked Libya to help the rebels overthrow Ghaddafi’s government. He was toppled, but the country was left with serious infrastructural problems. Realism Looking at Paul Collier’s arguments that lean towards liberalism, some of his evaluations and proposals conflict sharply with some realism facts. While Collier lays his foundation on striving to ensure equality among all nations, realists believe that world politics are guided by self-interests. Collier’s bottom billion argues with the mind that the western powers can pull the poor states from poverty for the benefit of the poor states stability. Realists ju stifiably argue that self-interests dictate the engagement with other nations. Collier quotes the British involvement in Sierra Leone. He does not state the British interests in the involvement. There were British interests. That is why realists had justifiable reasons to assert that states engagements with others are based on self-interests. By recommending military interventions, Collier is insinuating that other states can control other sovereign states. This is not practical. In realism, sovereign states cannot be dictated. For example, The British intervened in Sierra Leone. The nation still fights to date. The US intervened in Iraq and Somalia, but the civil wars persist to date. The main reason is that once the citizens sink to the idea that they are sovereign, and then will resist any attempt by foreign powers to interfere with the domestic affairs. He disagrees with the idea that states will always attain resources. He does not state the role of the US in the Democratic Rep ublic of Congo. The reasons behind government treaties and too much allocation of cash for exploration clearly approve the realist approach that nations are constantly seeking to increase their resources. Whereas Collier wants both the Western powers and International organizations to take serious steps to change the bottom billion, he forgets that these multinational organizations are run by the sovereign states. These states choose the officials and fund them. It is, therefore, in order to concur with realists that multinationals do not have independent influence. The West must determine what multinationals do because they give the funds to them. For several years, donors have demanded that the government of Ghana should align and harmonize its programs to suit their rules. There have been calls from donors to change the funding modalities from focusing on one sector to a budget support modality. In 2006 and 2008, donors contributed an approximated 13.8 percent and 14.33 percent o f the budget respectively Neo-realism also called structural realism states that nations are primary actors because no political monopoly is above existing states. Collier encourages the west to intervene militarily in the civil war cases. He forgets that they have failed before and will fail again if the same mistakes are repeated. If citizens reject then it is over. Collier cries out that war is costly, and the money should have done better projects had the regions been peaceful. This is quite intriguing because he goes ahead to call for military intervention. The question is who foots the costs of the war by the West. Realists assert that Countries must constantly prepare for conflict through economic and military buildup. Constructivism Paul Collier’s ideas happen to cut across the human life. He puts forward some ideologies that conflict with the constructivism theory in international relations. Collier lays almost all the problems of development on resources. He forgets to evaluate the hidden factors such as competition for natural resources. Constructivism holds the view that primarily shared ideas rather than material forces determine associations. There are goals, needs, and intentions behind the rivalry over resources. This is a fact that constructionists hold dearly. Collier fails to capture the interests of other states in the nations in the bottom billion. He notes that the third support persistent civil strives that would lead to fragile conditions immediately after the war. This makes countries constantly at war. The best example is the Democratic Republic of Congo, Angola, and Sudan. Proponents of constructionist state that international relation is a social construction. This is built over time. In Collier’s bottom billion, he believes that all solutions to problems of the third world rest with the Western powers and international organizations. It is impractical for a western government to move into one of the countries that fal l in the bottom billion and install changes with an immediate impact. Therefore, social constructionist becomes more applicable. The ideologies have a great effect and can easily trump the materialistic power. The effects are far reaching. This is why the perception is very important. Collier opposes this by proposing actions that seek instant material changes. Instead of suggesting institutional changes, he agitates for military deployment to install democratic governments. These attempts have failed elsewhere due to what constructs call perception. The effectiveness of the donor-funded project is evaluated using the indicators designed by citizens. For instance, the community might use scorecards to establish the effectiveness of the project. Works Cited Collier, Paul. The Bottom Billion: Why the Poorest Countries Are Failing and What Can Be Done About It. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007. Print This essay on The Bottom Billion was written and submitted by user Nickolas Roth to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How to Send SAT Scores to Colleges

How to Send SAT Scores to Colleges SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Now that you’ve received your SAT scores, it’s time for the most important part of this process - actually sending scores to colleges! But how do you do it? What are your options? In this article, I’ll give you all the information you need on how the process works and what choices you'll have when sending scores. Should You Send Your SAT Scores? Before I tell you how to send your scores, you should know that you don’t have to send all of them!There’s this great thing called Score Choice that allows you to decide whether or not to send specific SAT scores to colleges if you've taken the test multiple times.You can choose which regular SATs to send by test date and choose which SAT subject tests to send by individual test. Colleges will only get the scores that you decide to send them, so if you do really poorly on one administration of the SAT, no schools will ever have to see it. Well,I should say that MOST schools will never have to see it; there are some that require you to send all of your test scores.See this article for a complete list of the schools that ask to see all of your SAT scores. When sending your scores, you can choose to send a score report for a test date to some schools and not others if you’re applying to some schools that require all scores sent and some schools that don’t.If you’re not sure whether your score is good enough to send, you should take a look at the average scores for your school of choice. For extra advice, read this guide to figuring out your SAT target score. A good rule of thumb is to take the 75th percentile SAT score for students that were admitted to your school of choice (meaning the score that is higher than 75 percent of admitted applicants) and use that as your target score.If you’re still not sure whether you should retake the test, read this guide to help you make a decision. Remember that many colleges also use superscoring for the SAT, meaning they take your best ever score from each section of the test and combine them to come up with the best overall score possible.This means that even if you do worse overall on one SAT date, you still might want to send it in if one of the test scores was your personal record for a particular section.Take a look at this other article for more information on how superscoring might affect your test-taking strategy. How to Send Your SAT Scores First, it’s important to note that you will have to order a score report for each school where you plan on applying, but you can put as many of your scores on that report as you want.It costs the same to send three SAT test scores as it does to send one SAT test score if all three scores are going to the same school.If you log in to your College Board account, you can easily send your scores through the online interface. On your dashboard, you'll see your latest scores front and center: Then, click on the "View Details" button to see your full report. At the top of the report, there are four tabs: Click on the "Score Sends" tab to get to a screen with a button that says "Send Additional Score Reports," and click on that button. You'll see this little interface that allows you to search for colleges and add them to your selected recipients list using the add and remove buttons: Once you have searched for and selected your schools and they're all listed in the "Your Selected Recipients" box, click continue. The next screen gives you the option of selecting which scores you would like to send to schools. The default setting is "all scores", but you can exercise score choice at this point and choose only to send scores from certain test dates if you want. After this, all you have to do is review your order, submit your payment, and you're all set!It’s important to remember that score delivery may take a different length of time for different schools, so plan accordingly. You should check the websites for your schools of choice to see how late they accept scores. Types of Score Reports #1: Free Score Reports The first option for sending your scores is to send them when you register for the SAT.Every time you register for the test, you automatically get four free score reports.You can use these free reports anytime between registration and nine days after your test date.If you’re taking the SAT during your junior year, however, you might not be sure where you want to send your scores quite yet.Even if you’re a senior, it's sometimes a good idea to wait until after you get your scores back so you can make sure they’re as high as you expected. #2: Regular Score Reports You can send score reports to colleges after you get your scores back for a fee.It’s $.25 per score report after the free report time window has passed, but you can get a fee waiver if you’re eligible.Talk to your high school counselor if you think you’ll need a fee waiver to send your scores. The fee waiver will give you four additional free score reports (worth $45) to use at any time. #3: Rush Score Reports If you’re worried that your scores won’t arrive in time, you can use Rush Reporting to send your scores faster for an additional fee.Rush Reporting costs $31 for the first report and $.25 for each additional report, and your scores will be sent either electronically or by first class mail, depending on the way your school receives scores. Rush Reporting will get your scores to colleges within two days of your order, although schools may take additional time to actually process scores depending on how their system is organized.There is no fee waiver available for Rush Reporting, so if you think score reports will be a financial burden on you, plan ahead and avoid this option. Rush reporting and sorority rush: both times you're paying to get something fast that you could have gotten the normal way if you planned your life better (SAT scores and friends respectively). Summary Sending your SAT scores to colleges is pretty easy, but you should always take the time to make an informed decision about which ones to send and when you plan to send them.Check the deadlines for sending scores to the schools where you're applying.Keep in mind that Score Choice is usually an option, although you should verify school policies before assuming that this is the case. You can send up to four free score reports in the time between test registration and nine days after the test.If you want to wait to see your scores or don’t know where you’re applying yet, you have the opion of sending score reports after this time window for a fee of $.25 per school.Rush Reporting is also available, but save this as a last resort! Remember that sending your SAT scores to colleges is the ultimate purpose of this whole ordeal, so it’s important to be on top of deadlines and send only your best scores if possible! What's Next? Now that you know how to send your scores to colleges, learn more about how to get and interpret your scores so that you're making the right choices about which ones to send. If you're curious about your scores and want a more detailed picture of where you struggled on the test, you might look into ordering the Question and Answer Service. Wondering whether you should take the SAT again? Read this article to find out how many times you should take it. Disappointed with your scores? Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now: