Fact File on the Spartacist Essay

The spartocist uprising was also known as the January uprising, it was a general strike in Germany from 5 January to 15 January, in 1919. The aim of the spartocist was outlined in their manifesto. ‘The Spartocist manifesto 1918 The question today is not democracy of dictorship. The question that history has put on the agenda reads: bourgeois democracy or socialist democracy. For the dictatorship of the proletariat does not mean bombs, putsches (pushes), riots and anarchy, as the against of the capitalist profits deliberately and falsely claim. Rather, it means using all the instruments of political power to achieve socialism, to expropriate the capitalist class, through and in accordance with the will of the revolutionary majority of the proletariat’. This is referenced from: www. schoolhistory. org. uk/As level_ History/spartacistuprising. htm This shows that the communist do not wish to start was but want to help the community and its people. They want to make right and equality. The do not wish to harm their country as they’re the people living in Germany. The uprising began after January 4 after the discharge of Berlin Chief of police, who was also the member of Independent Social Democratic Party (USPD) by the â€Å"Council of the people’s deputies†. He had, then, refused to take up action against striking workers on Christmas Eve on December 24. In every sense, it was futile at that moment, to gesture against the government. Elbert Friedrich withdrew his government to the safety of Weimer and allowed the police and what remained of the regular army to bring peace and stability to Berlin, once again. There was no mercy shown to the spartocist/communist whose leaders were murdered after their arrest. The majority of the spartocist were civilian. No-one doubted who would win. Around 100 civilians, 17 police cop soldiers died during the fight. Liebknecht and Luxemburg were captured and killed by the police-with their death, the party fell into a temporary disorganisation and untidiness through the communist party gained strength in 1920’s under the leadership of Thurman. By 1928, the spartocist/communist had grown into a minority political party.

Response Paper to “The Invention of Lying”

Response Paper One Joseph Leemon For my analysis of the movie The Invention of Lying as it pertains to our class, I have selected two parts from the IPC book, where I can apply some of what I have learned so far. The first part is the Ethical Systems of Interpersonal Communication table from Chapter 1 and the Stages of the Interpersonal Perception Process from Chapter 2, The Ethical system of interpersonal communication contains five parts. Those parts are categorical imperative, utilitarianism, golden mean, ethic of care, and significant choice.Categorical imperative is an ethical system that suggests that we should act as an example to others. This is demonstrated throughout the movie as the entire population (except Mark when he begins to lie), tells the truth no matter how it might affect the other person. A specific example is when Anna is talking to her mother on the date, and explaining that Mark is unattractive and undesirable, even though he is sitting right across from her. Utilitarianism is the ethical system suggesting that what is ethical will bring the greatest good to the greatest number of people.An example of this would be when Mark tells the lie that he can speak directly to God, and he is confronted with a worldwide audience. He then decides to make up his own version of the Commandments, because he believes that these will help society at large in the best possible way. Golden mean is the ethical system where a person’s moral virtue stands between two vices, with the middle being the foundation for a rational society. This is displayed when Mark uses his lies to get closer to Anna throughout the movie by manipulating other people to get money and fame.The other side of it is when he tells his dying grandmother how wonderful heaven is, so she will be able to die peacefully. Mark also has various other situations like this that keeps him centered and good. The ethic of care is the system that is concerned with the connections among peop le and the moral consequences of decisions. Throughout the movie, Mark tries to get Anna to like him, even though she originally thought of him as ugly and as a loser. They begin to grow closer, until Anna decides to marry Brad, because Brad is of better â€Å"stock† than Mark.Anna does not end up going through with marrying Brad, because she realizes that there are more appealing aspects to Mark, even though he has told her that he has not told the truth. Significant choice is the belief that communication is ethical to the extent that it maximize our ability to exercise free choice. This is brought up in the movie a couple of times. One of the first times Mark uses it is when he runs into Frank, who is contemplating suicide. Mark did not have to tell Frank that he was a good guy, and that he was worth something, but he found it was the ethical thing to do, and exercised his choice in that way.Another time is near the end of the movie where Mark tells Anna that he has not be en telling the truth. He wanted her to like him for himself, and not all the money and fame that he had accumulated by lying, so he made the choice to tell her the truth. The second part is the Stages of the Interpersonal Perception Process from Chapter 2. These include attending and selecting, organizing, interpreting, and retrieving. This is used on Mark and Anna’s second date, when Anna asks Mark about his family.Mark is able to draw her in by telling her of his father and his grandmother. Mark then uses organizing to create the belief that he is good enough for Anna, but Anna still believes that he is ugly and she does not want to have children with him. Because of this, Mark interprets that even though he has more money, Anna will still not be with him romantically. Mark retains this idea that he is not good enough throughout the rest of the movie, until the very end where Anna finally decides that she wants to be with him because of the person he is on the inside.

Debate on Indian Removal Essay

In the contemporary world the idea of removal of an entire people from its native land would sound wickedly and would perhaps be considered a genocide, yet in the XIX century this idea was quite permissible and corresponded to the ruling concept of civilized nations which were to rule those uncivilized and determine their existence. Therefore, in our estimation of pro and contra Indian removal arguments I shall attempt to evaluate the named arguments first and foremost from the point of view of the time and base my conclusions on such evaluation. The first argument proposed by Andrew Jackson to the Congress in 1829 is that that no new state may be established without consent of the people of that state, and since Indians are living on the territory of existing states and do not constitute a majority, they may not establish their own government and have to obey the laws of the state or immigrate. A harsher version of the argument is provided in the North American Review, January 1830, blaming that Indians are barbarous people â€Å"incapable of sustaining any other relation with the whites, than that of dependence and pupilage. † Francis J. Grund is even more acrid, as he claims Indian’s cruelty towards the Founding Fathers. A counterargument can be found in the â€Å"Memorial of the Cherokee Indians†, published in the Weekly Register vol. 38, and it is that a white man is a ruler of the land, and the red man is weak, yet there were times when whites were week and reds were strong, and the whites received warm welcome from the Indians. Also the Indians argued that previous treaties guaranteed their rights to land. The situation with the Indians is similar to the one with the colonists before the Revolution. The colonists appeared to be weak and Britain was strong, yet the colonists were able to gain their independence by force. However, the Indians were unable to win the war and they had to obey those who are strong. Therefore, the US Government argument was nothing but a sword law, not a just law. This is well confirmed by the Decision of the U. S. Supreme Court in Worcester v. State of Georgia (1832), where the Court has found that treaties between the Indians and the Government, as well as Indian self-government are guaranteed as long as the Indians obey the general laws of the state. Since the Indians did not obey, all they privileges have to be annulled. Yet the laws of the state themselves made the Indians chose between â€Å"becoming civilized† in other words not leading their traditional lifestyle and immigration. So, it may be concluded, that removal has logically followed from the previous relations between the Indians and the Government, in which the Government used sword more frequently than justice. The second pro argument proposed by Andrew Jackson in 1830 were advantages of immigration both for the whites and for Indians. For the US government is was an opportunity to protect the frontiers, for the states of Mississippi and Alabama these were new territories and opportunities for development, and for the Indians, under Jackson, it was an ability not to have contacts with the civilized people, follow their customs and live under the government supervision, gradually becoming a civilized community. A counterargument of the Indians is explained in the mentioned Memorial, as well as in the article published in the North American Review, October 1830 where they claim their right to stay on their land and continue their traditional life same as any nation has title over its land. In fact, we once more face the sword law: the Government determined what is â€Å"civilized† and what is â€Å"law† and the Indians had to obey or disappear. Another Indian argument may be found in the letter from John Ross: the Government was just willing to get rid of the Indians. This is an argument with no counterargument. Government’s desire to make away with the Indians was undisputable. Concluding my analysis I have to recognize that the arguments of the Indians look stronger even for the XIX century. An independent international tribunal of the time would perhaps take their side. Yet there was no such tribunal, but only the will of the Government which caused Indians to be removed.

Finite element analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Finite element analysis - Essay Example It is not only used for stress analysis and deflection of solid structures, but also for problems involving heat conduction, fluid flow and electric fields. Finite element analysis (FEA) is a method which most engineers today find an essential tool that can be applied to almost any design problem prior to testing and development. This paper presents the results of a finite element analysis for the buckle of a standard lap belt used in a passenger aircraft. Figure 1 is a representation of the buckle/belt assembly. The buckle itself must be designed to withstand a 450 kg tensile load; thus, the objective of the analysis was to determine the maximum stress max of the buckle under this load and determine whether or not the design meets its objectives. Once this has been determined, a recommendation is made to proceed with testing or to begin a redesign of the buckle. Finite Element Analysis was first introduced in the 1950's and has been continually developed ever since. (FEA) is a computer-based numerical technique for calculating the strength and behaviour of engineering structures. It can be used to calculate deflection, stress, vibration, buckling behaviour and many other phenomena. It can be used to analyze either small or large-scale deflection under loading or applied displacement. It can analyze elastic deformation, or "permanently bent out of shape" plastic deformation. The computer is required because of the astronomical number of calculations needed to analyze a large structure. As mentioned, this report has been complied to document the results of the Finite Element Analysis of a buckle connection. The function of the FE Analysis was to obtain the max of the buckle connection which is based to resist 450 Kg of tension, as written in assignment. The buckle connection was designed to be made from Stainless Steel plate. A comprehensive set of properties for the specified material is shown in table 1 FIRST STEP: Material properties of Stainless Steel ASSUMPTIONSAssumptions: The first step in preparing for the analysis is to develop a list of assumptions concerning the geometry, properties, the mesh, the boundary conditions and linear and static factors. In the begging of doing this report in FEA Package there are numbers of assumptions were made which give create more imaginations as key in testing any design before test it in real life. FirstConsidering the geometry, it is assumed that the drawings provided are accurate representations of the buckle. Thickness of the buckle was assumed to be constant which led to the particular selection of the element type which allowed for a thickness criteria. Shell elements were then selected. In brief, shells form curved surfaces in space and are usually thin compared to their length. The elements selected for this analysis are assumed to be able to adequately model the part. ly Next, properties of the material were considered. It it was assumed that all material properties supplied provided by the designerin the problem statement were correct accurate and provided a true representation of the material specifiedpart. . Another assumption made was that the Homogeneous and isotropic material was homogeneous

Providence Police Corruption Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Providence Police Corruption - Essay Example That is because the public relies on the police to uphold the law, protect the community and assist in times of need. Police are also the most visible arm of government for most citizens and a yardstick by which they measure authority. When an officer acts illegally, he dishonors both himself and the law and justice system he represent (Adams 1-14). Unfortunately, the organizational culture of the police does encourage some officer to commit acts of corruption. Such acts might involve taking monetary bribes, abusing the authority or concealing criminal enterprises. More importantly, their might also involve violation of human right or ethnic and racial discrimination. When police organizations fail to punish travesties of justice, they inadvertently foster a culture of corruption that breeds discrimination, deception and greed. In order to understand police corruption, a crime that is increased with grave social repercussions, it is necessary to analyses few basic elements, the offic er themselves. Who are the officers that police departments recruit? How are they trained? And what are the criteria for promotion? I believe answering these basic questions involves determining whether departments have procedures to do adequate background checks on recruits, psychological tests that accurately measure their suitability for police work, impartially administered written and physical examinations and training that imparts integrity and self control. Police departments in which corruption is rife generally have weaknesses in these basic areas. As a result, some of their officers have dangerous criminal tendencies that undermine confidence in law enforcement. Before directly analyzing the modern image of police corruption, it is essential to provide some context by looking as chronological images of corruption. In relation to the findings of the global literature and the official inquiries, Adams (2008) provided a number of essential observations on the corruption are p atterned within police organizations. He asserts that, on one hand that it is invasive, ongoing and not restricted by rank and is not merely attributable to only some ‘bad applies’. However, he has also pointed out that there are certain policing circumstances at the ‘invitational edge of corruption’ where inducement are particularly sensitive, including parts of the policing organization that deal with prostitution, alcohol, gambling and drugs. In the England and Wales circumstance, earlier corruption scandals have similarities to the global image painted by Adams. For example, a review by Adams (2008) paints a picture of police corruption which has a number of recurring themes in the post-war period: Criminal Investigation Department and the specialist squads (such as drugs, robbery or the vice squads) have been attributed significantly to have naturally involved groups of officers operating together, and have been reported to have involved officers from both the higher and the lower ranks. And based on their latest experiences of investigating corruption, the Metropolitan Police service primarily found themselves confronting a similar pattern of corruption, with suspect officers being respected career detectives with experience in specialist squads. Corrupt actions from across these instances; have included the protection of criminals for financial

Key terms, Issues & Conditions for legal confessions Essay

Key terms, Issues & Conditions for legal confessions - Essay Example Lastly informants may give a wrong or unreliable testimony in return for money or special treatment. In U.S.A alone, there have been about 303 convictions that end up exonerated after proper DNA examination (Fender, 2012). In June 1994, Jacie Taylor, a 19 years old girl body was found on a bathtub in her apartment after she was raped and murdered. During the house search for any evidence that would be useful in the case, the police found a blanket with semen on the victims couch. They also spotted and collected a bloody shirt belonging to Robert Dewey, the only and major suspect, during an interview in his apartment. The shirt was then sent to an investigations DNA laboratory for further examination (Fender, 2012). A year later a scientist from a Texas laboratory was brought before the court to testify. He said that the blood on Mr. Robert Dewey was a mixture and that some of it would be Miss Jacie Taylor’s. Mr. Robert Dewey went to prison and the evidence was contained in a laboratory in California. In 2000, Colorado introduced new medical technological tests known as STR testing that could examine and show more complex DNA features such as double helix. They also began uploading the DNAs of all the convicts in the CODIS database. Six years later even a more refined and accurate DNA technology known as YSTR test was introduced (Fender, 2012). YSTR tests could separate female DNA from that of male in case the two happened to mix up. With this technology, Danyel Joffe the Dewey’s post- conviction attorney, with the help of New York Innocence Project had the evidence held in the laboratory in California to be re-tested. The case was reviewed and the evidence at hand retested using a â€Å"mini filer† technology that could pull more comprehensive profiles from ruined DNA samples. The new evidence revealed that the blood on Mr. Robert Dewey’s shirt did not contain Miss Taylor’s blood. The technology also revealed

Stem Cell Research Legislation Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 3

Stem Cell Legislation - Research Paper Example Humans have two types of stem cells, which include adult and embryonic stem cells. Embryonic cells come blastocyst’s inner layer. The adult stem cells are located in various tissues with varying potency. Potency of the stem cells indicates the number of cell types that can differentiate from the stem cells (Solo & Gasil, 2007). Embryonic cells are said to be pluripotent meaning they differentiate to form an array of tissues. This has attracted a controversial debate on the use of embryonic stem cells for treatment as well as research. This paper will explore the history of stem cell legislation in the US as well as compare this legislation to other statutes in the world. It will also elaborate on the current statutes concerning stem cell as well as the future of these statutes. The policies and laws on stem cell in the USA have undergone various, complicated changes over the years. Adult stem cells were first used for the treatment of leukemia in 1970. However, because of thei r limited potency, their use in research and treatment is limited. The debate on the use of embryonic stem cells is attributed to the fact that these cells are obtained from live embryos produced in the lab (Bellomo, 2006). The controversial issue surrounding this debate is the question on when life begins in humans. This is because some argue that the embryos created in the lab are humans and with rights to live. History on Legislation Roe Wade legalized abortion in the US in 1973. Five years after this, scientists and physicians delivered the first human following in vitro fertilization. These created the need for the federal government to enact policies and laws that restricted the use of public funds in the research of embryonic stem cells. All through history, there were no laws barring stem cell research in the USA (DeGette, 2008). However, the government put a restriction on the funding of the research based on stem cells. During President’s Clinton administration, the National Health Institute advised the government to permit the use of public funds for research on embryos. However, Clinton citing various moral and ethical issues declined to issue funds for this research. Furthermore, Clinton signed the Dickey Amendment in 1995 which forbade the use of federal money in funding the research on human embryos. The use of human embryonic stem cells for research featured significantly during Bush’s first term in office. In February 2001, he requested for the review of the NIH request concerning federal funding for research on the stem cells. Later on in August 2001, Bush issued a ban on the use of public funding in the research of human stem cells (DeGette, 2008). He argued that the creation and abortion of fetuses for the purpose of research was destroying human life and thus, should be avoided. In an effort to lift this ban, both 109th and 110th Congresses passed Bills to life the ban. However, both bills were vetoed by Bush using his Presid ential powers. The 109th Congress also passed a Bill that banned the creation and destruction of human embryos for research purpose (DeGette, 2008). In 2005, the House passed the Stem Cell Enhancement Act which sought to allow the allocation of federal funds to research on human embryonic stem cells. The Presidential vetoed the Bill; therefore, it was never enacted into law. Later on, in 2006, Senate passed the Bill but the President did not approve it. In 2007, the legislation on stem cell research